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In the Mahabharata, the place is referred to as Gayapuri. Gaya is connected to Patna 105 km by , Nawada, Rajgir 78 km and Bihar Sharif by. Cette cité est un haut lieu de pèlerinage dans l'hindouisme. Subsequently, in May 1981, Magadh division was created by the Bihar state government with the districts of Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad and Jehanabad. Having attained an important place in the history of civilization, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara.
It is one of the major tourist attractions of. Gaya is the city of , with a population of 470,839, and is also the headquarters of and. Gaya is 100 kilometres 62 mi south of , the capital city of Bihar. Situated on the banks of the or , as mentioned in , it is a place sanctified by the , , and religions. It is surrounded by small rocky hills , Shringa-Sthan, Ram-Shila and Brahmayoni by three sides and the river flowing on the fourth eastern side. The city has a mix of natural surroundings, age old buildings, green areas and narrow bylanes. Gaya finds mention in the great epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. In the Mahabharata, the place is referred to as Gayapuri. It was said that Gayasura's body would continue to be known as Gaya Kshetra. Brahmayoni Hill, where Buddha preached Adittapariyaya Sutta. Ancient history Gaya is an ancient city. Documented history of Gaya dates back to the enlightenment of. About 11 km from Gaya town is , the place where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment. However, Gaya was a place of pilgrimage for people all over the world even prior to this event. Gaya further flourished under the rule of dynasties like the who ruled from Pataliputra modern and covered the area beyond the boundaries of the Indian subcontinent. During this period, Gaya was a part of the region. Gaya witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties in the Magadh Region. From the 6th century BC to the 18th century AD, about 2300—2400 years, Gaya has been occupying an important place in the cultural history of the region. It opened up with the Sisunaga dynasty founded by Sisunaga, who exercised power over Patna and Gaya around 600 BC. Bimbisara, fifth in line, who lived and ruled around 519 BC, had projected Gaya to the outer world. Having attained an important place in the history of civilization, the area experienced the bliss of Gautam Buddha and Bhagwan Mahavir during the reign of Bimbisara. After a short spell of Nanda dynasty, Gaya and the entire Magadha region came under the Mauryan rule with Ashoka 272 BC — 232 BC embracing Buddhism. He visited Gaya and built the first temple at Bodh Gaya to commemorate Prince Gautama's attainment of supreme enlightenment. The period of Hindu revivalism commenced with the coming of the Guptas during the 4th and 5th century A. Samudragupta of Magadh helped to bring Gaya in limelight. It was the headquarters of Bihar district during the Gupta empire. Gaya was then passed on to the Pala Empire with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya, in the 12th century, was invaded by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji. It remained a part of the Mughal empire till it was finally passed on to the Britishers after the battle of Buxar in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, won freedom in 1947. Gaya is a famous ancient city because in the time of Ramayana, God Ram,Sita and Lakshman came here for Pind-daan of his father Dasharath for of his soul. Thomas Law, it was called Sahebgunj. It is the birthplace of eminent nationalist Bihar Vibhuti Dr , Bihar's first -cum-Finance Minister. The last great ruler of Magadha was Maharaja of Tekari-the leader of Kisan Andolan, established an ashram at , Gaya Bihar which later became the centre of freedom struggle in. Many prominent leaders of visited there frequently to meet , the leader of Kisan Andolan who resided in the ashram set up by Swamiji. Yadunandan Sharma became the undisputed leader of peasants in the and second in command to the legendary freedom fighter and peasant leader. Gaya has also immensely contributed in the. During the independence movement, the All India session of the Congress was held under the presidency of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das in 1922, which was attended by great illumanaries and prominent leaders of the , such as , Dr. The former Bihar Chief Minister Late Satyendra Narain Sinha also hailed from Gaya. Shri Ishwar Chaudhary was a member of Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Lok Sabha during 1971-79 and 1989-91 representing Gaya constituency of Bihar. Establishment of the Gaya District Gaya was established in the year 1865. Earlier Gaya was a part of the district of erstwhile Behar of Ramgarh now in Jharkhand state till 1864. It was given the status of independent district on 3 October 1865. Subsequently, in May 1981, Magadh division was created by the Bihar state government with the districts of Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad and Jehanabad. All these district were at the level of sub-division, when the Gaya district was created. Gaya has seen three district partitioned off from its territory, Aurangabad and Nawada in 1976; and Jehanabad in 1988. Gaya district occupies an area of 4,976 km 2 1,921 mile 2 comparatively equivalent to the island of. As Gaya is surrounded by hills from three sides and one side by rivers so the climate of Gaya is seasonable means in winter it is too cold and in summer it is too hot. Climate is characterised by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. Climate data for Gaya, India Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C °F 24 75 27 80 33 92 39 102 41 105 38 101 33 92 32 90 33 91 32 89 29 84 25 77 32 90 Average low °C °F 10 50 13 55 18 64 23 74 27 80 28 82 26 79 26 78 25 77 22 71 14 58 10 50 20 68 Average mm inches 20 0. It has a large number of household industries like production of agarbattis, production of tilkut and lai, stone crafting, power looms, Small Scale manufacturing industries, packing industries, plastic products industries, Scrap Industries and hand looms. Gaya functions as a service centre for the surrounding towns and villages. Commercial activities are located along the important roads of the town. The main vegetable market in the city is the Kedarnath Market. In additional the city has a large number of informal shops. On account of Gaya being an important centre for religious tourism, the city has a large number of costly and affordable Hotels and accommodations. One Five Star hotel is also proposed in Bodh gaya. Maha Bodhi Hotel, Resort, Convention Centre is the largest and most beautiful hotel in bodhgaya. On the other hand, Sambodhi Retreat the best resort of Bihar and Jharkhand is also in the city. Recently, Gaya has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for scheme of Government of India. Gaya is well connected to the rest of India by roads, rail and airways. The section of the Indian Railways passes through Gaya. Local transport Many city buses, taxis are providing services across city and Bodhgaya. The main bus stands are Govt. Bus Stand, Sikaria More Bus Stand, Gaurkashni Bus Stand Manpur , Delha Bus Stand etc. The local transport facility is very good. Nearly, many auto rickshaws are available to various destinations in the city. Many more facilities are being added day by day. Gaya Patna railway lines plays a major role in access people from the town to its state capital. Roadways Regular direct bus services run from Gaya to , , , , , , , , , , , and. The from to passes about 30 km from Gaya. This connects Gaya to , , , , , , 495 km , 252 km , , , , , and to the Pakistani cities of and. Gaya is connected to Patna 105 km by , Nawada, Rajgir 78 km and Bihar Sharif by. Plans have been made to construct a four lane road from Patna to Dobhi via Gaya and Gaya to Bihar Sharif. Railways railway station is a serving the city. Gaya junction was also proposed in the list of 66 Station to be built of International standard by Mamta Banerji in UPA II gov. Gaya junction was the only station in Bihar and Jharkhand qualify in the list of 66. Gaya falls under the jurisdiction of Mughalsarai railway division of the. It lies between on the side and on the side. It is located at. It has an elevation of 117 metres 384 ft. There is also a metro system proposed between Gaya Junction and. Airport Main article: Situated between Gaya 7 km and 11 km , Gaya Airport is the largest by area and only operating international airport in Bihar and Jharkhand. It is connected to , Saudi Arabia for carrying Hajis every year for annual pilgrimage to holy city Makkah, Saudi Arabia; , Sri Lanka ; , Thailand; and , Bhutan. It is said to be being developed as a stand-by to the. Gaya Airport is proposed to expand its area and runway. It is connected to Varanasi,kolkata and Delhi by regular flights. Gaya has a bright educational history with institutions like Magadh University, Gaya College, Anugrah Memorial College,Mirza Ghalib College, Gaya Engineering College and many more. A new National Importance Management College Is Also established. Currently this is Running in the Campus of Magadh University. Central university of south Bihar is also located in Gaya. Various English medium schools are there providing primary and secondary education. PDF from the original on 13 November 2011. Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar. PDF from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016. Retrieved on 31 July 2013. Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. PDF from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012. Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. PDF from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2016. Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. PDF from the original on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2012. Archived from on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
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